Workplace Bullying: Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Strategies

.................................................................................................................. 4 Why Do People Bully at Work? ............................................................................... 5 Perpetrator Characteristics .............................................................................. 6 Target Characteristics ...................................................................................... 6 Situational Characteristics ............................................................................... 8 What Are the Consequences of Workplace Bullying? ............................................. 9 Human Costs ................................................................................................... 9 Organizational Costs ..................................................................................... 10 Spillover/Crossover Costs ............................................................................. 10 Cultural Considerations ......................................................................................... 11 What Can Organizations and Victims Do About Workplace Bullying? .................. 13 Primary Interventions ..................................................................................... 13 Secondary Interventions ................................................................................ 14 Tertiary Interventions ..................................................................................... 14 Practical recommendations ................................................................................... 15 References ........................................................................................................... 16